Neurofibromatosis. Oblique radiograph of the cervical spine in a 26-year-old man demonstrates widening of the upper neural foramina secondary to “dumbbell” neurofibromas arising in the spinal nerve roots
Upper GI demonstrates abnormal impressions on both sides of the esophagus at the junction of the upper and middle 1/3. This area does not fully distend. CT shows a double aortic arch creating a ring around the esophagus and trachea. There is resultant narrowing of the trachea.
Scurvy. (A) and (B) Anteroposterior radiographs of the lower legs of an 8-month-old infant shows the typical skeletal changes of scurvy. Note the dense segment adjacent to the growth plate (“white line of scurvy” frenkle), the ring of increased density around the secondary ossification centers of the distal femora and proximal tibiae (Wimberger ring sign), and the beaking of the metaphysis of both tibiae (Pelkan beak). A periosteal reaction secondary to subperiosteal bleeding is also noted.
Tumoral calcinosis. A 66-year-old black subject had multiple bumps about the wrists and elbows since childhood. Dorsovolar (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of the wrists demonstrate calcific masses located on the dorsal aspect just beneath the skin. (C) Anteroposterior radiograph of the right elbow shows similar tumoral accumulation of calcium on the anteromedial aspect.
Appendicitis. There is generalized ileus and an appendicolith in the right iliac fossa overlying the right side of the sacrum. At operation the appendix was gangrenous and perforated.
Gaucher disease. Lateral radiograph of the distal femur in a 28-year-old woman shows extensive medullary infarction and periosteal new bone formation, producing a bone-within-bone appearance.
Caroli disease. A, B: Two axial contrast-enhanced CT scans show tubular and saccular enlargement of numerous intrahepatic ducts. Also note a small amount of ascites.
Fibromuscular dysplasia. (A) On this AP aortogram the pigtail catheter is positioned just above the renal arteries. There is fibromuscular disease involving the distal right renal artery (arrow) with an aneurysm (short arrow). (B) MR angiography demonstrates the same findings.
Acute Budd–Chiari syndrome. Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement and nonvisualization of the hepatic veins. There is a small right pleural effusion (arrow).
Emphysematous pyelonephritis. CT shows gas within the renal parenchyma (black arrow) with parenchymal destruction. Note perinephric collections (white arrow).
MR images of the heart (Film 1) demonstrate a lobulated mass that extends into the left ventricular chamber. Note thickening of the ventricular septum caused by the mass. Sagittal T1-weighted cranial images (Film 2) show typical periventricular masses characteristic of lesions of tuberous sclerosis. At cardiac surgery, the patient had multiple rhabdomyosarcomas.
The esophagogram (Films 3 & 4) reveals anterior indentation of the esophagus (arrow) and posterior tracheal compression.
Pulmonary sling (aberrant left pulmonary artery). the left pulmonary artery sling (the left pulmonary artery arises from the proximal right pulmonary artery and then turns abruptly posteriorly and then to the left, indenting and compressing the trachea in anteriorly and the oesophagus posteriorly in order to reach the left hilum)