Spotters 15
Slide 2
Rt.sided aortic arch in patient with cour-en-sabout heart: TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
-trachea displaced towards midline
Slide 3
Lipoma. (A) On mammography, a lipoma may be seen as a well-defined mass of fat density, contained within a thin capsule. (B) On ultrasound, a well-defined hyperechoic lesion characteristic of a lipoma is seen.
Slide 4
Leiomyoma adjacent to the gastro-oesophageal junction shown on CT as a smooth soft tissue mass in the contrast-filled stomach
Slide 5
Parasagittal T1-weighted MRI image with the mouth open showing a nonreducing, anteriorly displaced disc.
Slide 6
Pulmonary sling, 3-month-old girl. Contrast-enhanced axial computed tomography image shows anomalous left pulmonary artery (arrow) arising from right pulmonary artery (R) and compressing trachea.
Slide 7
Skull fractures. (A) Lateral skull radiograph demonstrating complex, diastatic temporoparietal skull fractures associated with pneumocephalus. A linear occipital component is also present
Slide 8
Bilateral Wilms tumors. Computed tomography scan shows two nonenhancing low-attenuation Wilms tumors in the left kidney and one in the right kidney.
Slide 9
Duct ectasia. (A) Broken needle appearance, typical of duct ectasia. (B) Sometimes thicker, more localized calcifications can be seen, giving a ‘lead-pipe’ appearance
Slide 10
Ischaemic colitis. A thick-walled oedematous descending colon outlined by gas. Slightly distended colon from caecum to splenic flexure, but with normal haustra and no evidence of abnormal mucosa.
Slide 11
Osteitis condensans ilii. There is triangular sclerosis along the iliac sides of both SI joints. The sacral sides and SI joints are normal. This is a stress-related phenomenon usually of no clinical significance.
Slide 12
Adenomyosis. Abnormal uterine margins with contrast penetrating the myometrium.
Slide 13
Myositis ossificans. (A) Axial CT at presentation showing early peripheral mineralization. (B) Six weeks later there has been maturation with well-organized peripheral ossification.
Slide 14
Alobar holoprosencephaly CT brain of this infant shows that the cerebral hemispheres have failed to form and there is no interhemispheric fissure or corpus callosum. Instead there is a thin pancake of cerebral tissue crossing the midline anteriorly (arrowhead) and a single holoventricle continuous with a large dorsal cyst. The midbrain and deep grey structures are fused into a single indiscriminate mass (arrow).
Slide 15
Septo-optic dysplasia in a child with HESX1 gene mutation. (A) The septum pellucidum is absent and the frontal horns have a typical box-like configuration. (B) The posterior pituitary gland is ectopic (arrow). (C,D) The right optic nerve is small (arrows).
Slide 16
Greenstick fractures of the distal radius and ulna.
Slide 17
Low-grade liposarcoma. Sagittal T1-weighted MR image of the thigh showing a heterogeneous mass. The cephalic portion is hyperintense, typical of simple lipoma, whereas the caudal component is isointense with muscle, much more suggestive of sarcoma
Slide 18
(A) Gastric emphysema on abdominal radiograph in a patient with ischaemic gastritis after extensive abdominal surgery. (B) CT of patient with infectious, emphysematous gastritis.
Slide 19
Uterine polyps. Well-defined filling defects are present in the lower uterine segment
Slide 20
Dermatomyositis. A: Soft tissue and (B) bone algorithm and windowing reveal extensive soft tissue calcifications.
Slide 21
Ellis–van Creveld syndrome. Partial duplication of the fifth metacarpals (postaxial polydactyly), deformed hamate and short middle and terminal phalanges with cone-shaped epiphyses
Slide 22
Diffuse hemangioendotheliomatosis in a neonate. A: Arterial phase computed tomography (CT) image obtained 12 seconds after the start of contrast administration demonstrates multiple high-attenuation lesions in the liver. B: Portal venous phase CT scan obtained 50 seconds after injection of contrast medium demonstrates nearly complete washout of the lesions.
Slide 23
Chronic renal failure (two different cases). (A) PA hand radiograph showing the florid features of secondary hyperparathyroidism including terminal phalangeal resorption, soft tissue calcification, subperiosteal resorption, vascular calcification and osteopenia. (B) Tumoral calcinosis with heavy periarticular calcification
Slide 24
Chondrocalcinosis of the menisci. Ossification adjacent to the medial femoral condyle indicates old medial collateral ligament injury (Pellegrini–Stieda lesion).
Slide 25
Malrotation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows reversal of the normal orientation of the superior mesenteric vessels, with the artery (black arrow) lying to the right of the vein (white arrow).
Slide 26
D-TGA: transposition of great arteries- EGG ON SIDE Appearance
Slide 27
Lisfranc injury. A: Axial image through the upper midfoot demonstrates lateral subluxation of the first and second metatarsals relative to the medial and middle cuneiforms. B: Farther inferiorly, the fourth and fifth metatarsals are also laterally subluxed relative to the cuboid.
Slide 28
Ménétrier's disease. Classic appearance with massively distended folds in the body without abnormality in the antrum.
Slide 29
Longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) US views of organizing scrotal haematoma following trauma. The adjacent testis is compressed but otherwise normal. A septated hydrocele may present a similar appearance
Slide 30
Osteochondromas: chest. A: Axial CT of the right chest shows a large osteochondroma projecting anteriorly from the scapular body. Note marrow continuity into the bony excrescence. A cartilage cap is not well seen. The patient noticed a popping sensation with scapulothoracic motion. B: Axial CT of the left chest in the same patient shows a pedunculated osteochondroma projecting into the left lower lung. A cartilaginous cap is noted.
Slide 31
Retroperitoneal teratoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrates a large predominantly fluid-filled mass containing areas of fat and calcification
Slide 32
Grade I urethral injury. Retrograde urethrogram shows a stretched but intact urethra with elevation of the bladder base. Marked diastasis of the pubic symphysis is evident.
Slide 33
Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Enhanced CT, coronal reformation image shows circumferential thickening of distended jejunal loops (white arrows) and haziness of the adjacent mesentery. Nonopacification of superior mesenteric and jejunal branches is noted (black arrows). Ascites is also present.
Slide 34
Conventional chondrosarcoma pelvis. A: AP radiograph shows the large soft tissue mass with cartilaginous-type calcification/ossification. B and C: Axial CT images again demonstrate the circumferential mass, as well as the radiolucent replaced marrow of the underlying hemipelvis
Slide 35
Callosal agenesis. (A) Axial T2-weighted MRI shows separated ventricles with parallel orientation. The superior part of the third ventricle is just seen. (B) Sagittal T1-weighted MRI through the midline confirms callosal agenesis. There is no cingulate sulcus and the vertically oriented cerebral sulci extend right down to the third ventricle. This finding is associated with other midline anomalies such as a fronto-ethmoidal cephalocele (arrow), seen also on the axial T2-weighted MRI (arrow, C). (D) The optic chiasm is absent.
Slide 36
Osteopetrosis. (A) Increased bone density with relative radiolucent bands at the metaphyses of the humeri and also in the iliac wings. (B) Increased bone density with deformity and abnormal modelling. There is a pronounced ‘bone-in-a-bone’ appearance. (C) Bands of increased bone density, especially well seen at the vertebral end plates. (D) In another patient, bands of increased sclerosis are seen in the relatively mild autosomal dominant form.
Slide 37
Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image demonstrates multiple confluent high signal intensity perisplenic cystic masses (arrows) that cause scalloping of the splenic margin. Also note the perihepatic and subhepatic tumor implants (arrowheads).
Slide 38
Juvenile dermatomyositis. Soft tissue calcification. Note also the pamidronate lines (see Fig. 67.44 ).
Slide 39
Extensive bilateral cerebral hemisphere polymicrogyria. Virtually no normal cortex is seen. At first glance the cortex appears thickened but closer inspection reveals an overconvoluted gyral pattern and a ‘lumpy bumpy’ grey–white matter interface (including regions marked by white arrows). The Sylvian fissure is abnormally oriented with a parietal cleft that extends posteriorly (black arrow).
Slide 40
Lower lobe atelectasis. Postcontrast computed tomography demonstrates marked enhancement of the collapsed left lower lobe (arrowheads) and posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (arrow) in a postabdominal surgery patient suspected of having pulmonary embolism.
Slide 41
Calcified bronchial carcinoids. A: Computed tomography shows a mainly extraluminal mass arising from apical bronchus (arrow) of the right upper lobe. B: In another patient, computed tomography demonstrates a large mainly extraluminal mass arising from the right lower lobe bronchus (arrow).